Diary of a Water Molecule

My parent's are dead. Actually they Just disappeared. I heard them talking about getting warm and then they just disappeared. I heard some older water molecule calling it evaporation. I did not like the sound of it but I had to find my parent's. My friend Each agreed to help me. Today we were watching sharks attack a school of salmon when it happened, I felt weirdness. Everything started to warm up, like my parent's had said. Each felt It too. Looks like we were going to evaporate together. Other water molecule started to go up around us and then we were floating.Day 2 – Condensation- After floating around with Each, asking about John and Lana Caches (my parent's), we sensed a chill in the air. Each and I decided to get other molecules and huddle for warmth or condensate. Now there were about fifty molecules all around us I could ask. But then I fell asleep. Day 3 – Precipitation- Our cloud has been slowly moving. It getting a lot colder, I think we are moving into the Arctic. I still haven't lost hope in finding my parent's. I was asking the water molecules around me. Since there were new water molecules Joining us I never ran UT of people.I even met my uncle Gary, but he didn't know anything. Then Each and I started to sink. But before we did we turned to snow. Then we fell or precipitate on a state called Pennsylvania. Day 4 -Percolation- I landed on a tree. Some kids were outside In a bunch of clothing. I think they were playing In the snow. Then I started to percolate Into the tree. Day 5 ? Transpiration-while In the tree I met a leaf. He said that he saw my father a day of two ago. It was my first lead. I asked him the fasted way out. He said that it was to pass off though him.Each explained how it was actually called transpiration. Suddenly I was doing it I was following in my father's footsteps. Day 6 ? Snow- was again snow on the ground. I could really move so I was afraid that my father was getting away from. I had to keep going. Each wa s falling behind because he met his cousin Sarah and he was explaining what he was trying to accomplish. I was going to meet up with him later. Day 7- Run-Off- While I was snow It started to rain. Suddenly I started to run-off Into a stream, Each was right beside me.We stayed in the stream for a long time before it got rough. Day 8- Ground Water- The stream got to rough that I and Each splashed out. We then sank Into the ground becoming ground water. Then a pipe took us to a house that needed water. I had heard about this. When the house we were at needed water we would come out and supply them. I was fine with this except the fact that we could get â€Å"needed† in the shower. Not where I wanted to go. Suddenly we were moving and I was praying. We ended up going into a water pitcher. Then the guy poured this mixInto us. We were Ice tea. He was about to drink us when, who I think was his older brother, upped the pitcher. Each and I spilled all over the floor. We were travelin g towards the sink with two other water molecules. Day 9- Corners- When we landed in the sink me and the other three water molecules. We went down the drain and we poured In to the ocean, It was huge and salty. I turned to the two molecules that we drained with. I asked them if they knew who John and Lana Caches are. They turned to me very slowly. Diary of a Water MoleculeBy inchoation them talking about getting warm and then they Just disappeared. I heard some older warm up, like my parent's had said. Each felt it too. Looks like we were going to Ion and Lana Caches (my parent's), we sensed a chill in the air. Each and I decided to the Arctic. I still haven't lost hope in finding my parent's. I was asking the water out of people. I even met my Uncle Gary, but he didn't know anything. Then Each and outside in a bunch of clothing. I think they were playing in the snow. Then I started to percolate into the tree.Day 5 – Transpiration-while in the tree I met a leaf. He said foots teps. Day 6 – Snow- I was again snow on the ground. I could really move so I was snow it started to rain. Suddenly I started to run-off into a stream, Each was right into the ground becoming ground water. Then a pipe took us to a house that needed into us. We were ice tea. He was about to drink us when, who I think was his older brother, tipped the pitcher. Each and I spilled all over the floor. We were traveling poured in to the ocean, it was huge and salty. I turned to the two molecules that we

Starbucks Marketing.

Coffee houses In the urban area were very popular. The entry strategies for Shattuck across USA and Turkey that might account for the there success was major the Cataracts experience. The experience consist of highest quality coffee from control over the quality and processing of the beans, outstanding people that were recruited and trained on knowledge of coffee along with costumer service and the design of the stores to create a cozy atmosphere with help of there sanctuary Like ambiance with Its aroma, lighting, music and dcord. This basically, attracted people to socialize at Cataracts coffeehouse. ) The Core benefit from Cataracts Turkey is the deferent variety of the Coffee they serve. Actual benefits are the excellent customer service from high trained on the knowledge of coffee along with perfect cozy environment experience. Augmented benefit Is the Turkish coffee that they offer In Turkey. 3) Cataracts uses hybrid-marketing strategy in Turkey. I can claim this confidentially because along with more that 30 varieties of drinks, including espresso based coffee drinks, teas, iced coffees, made from up to 1 5 types of coffee beans, foodItems, and merchandise goods, they also offered Turkish Coffee on their menu in Turkey, which Is part there heritage. 4) Market Penetration strategy: To grow the current products In Turkey, Cataracts can do the following: C] ; Encourage current customers to buy more by providing a stamp system where customer will get 1 cup coffee drink free after every 5 cups. ; Attract competitor's customers: By providing half price offers on selected drinks.C] ; Get non-coffee drinkers to start coming by providing other local coffee substitute which will give hem opportunity to expose them to there core products. Market-Development Strategy: To launch Shattuck in new rural areas, there are three approaches that can be taken: 0 ; Perform advertisement before opening a new store to built anticipation In the surrounding people ; Prove TLS Dive rge Tree at ten new location Tort a couple of days to built potential customers ; Check demographic of the location and dcord the shop accordingly to attract customer by their interests.Product-Development Strategy: If a new product is launched in the current arrest follow strategies can be approached: ; The beverage should be made according to taste of the customers ; Shattuck also introduce some local products, which are preferred with coffee by the common local community like Huzzah ; Provide free Internet in their cafà ©s to attract professional and the student coward. Diversification: If they want to launch a new product for the new market, it's always good to keep following items in mind: ; That product should be exclusive for the locations community, which means that it should be according to their taste. Advertise the new product on large scale to make sure that community is aware of it. According to my understanding of the case, Shattuck has accomplished to penetrate the T urkish market in urban areas but there still growth potential, whereas expanding in the rural areas shouldn't be difficult task if they reduce there prices to some extend and follow some of the strategies mentioned above. 5) My recommendation for Cataracts Turkey to improve sales growth by little more localization while keeping hybrid strategy intact.They should introduce some more coal food items with coffee. Some of their local sweets and Hausa, which also is a long lasting heritage of Turkey and the rest of the Arab community. Like Turkish coffee is an opportunity to socialize similar smoking Hausa with friends is also very common activity in Turkish get together. This is will bring more customers to the coffee house to hang out and by multiple cups of coffee in a single visit. Also reduce price to some extend to make it affordable to a larger variety of coward as Turkey has a very uneven income distribution.

Research proposal on Berlin’s Architecture

Proposed Research Topic: A situational analysis of the relationship and influence of Berlin’s past Architectural designs on the modern ones. Purposes: TeNeues (2003) argues that a situational analysis and approach should be applied on architectural designs as a practical successive progress, rather than trying to conceptualize these designs as just what the designers think off or decide to put into place. This approach will more particularly explore how the Architectural designs are a product of the past ones; as they are to a great extent influenced upon by and related to the past designs.This study will also cover the issues of the basis and sources of the model architectural designs, particularly with regard to the phenomena that has directed the architectural thinking towards this direction and the usefulness of this situational approach as it has rarely been developed and applied in Architectural literature (TeNeues, 2003). Background: I will carryout my study on the diff erent teams that are operating within the field of Architectural designing within the region of Berlin.Barkow Leibinger Architects will be the company to be used as a centre for the study as it offers the services of architecture and master planning. Additionally, this company has worked on successful projects like the Trumpf Restaurant and event space. Based on that this firm is Berlin based; it is evident from the architectural designing it has put into place that highly depicts the influence and characteristics of earlier architectural models.For this study I will evaluate and analyse their architectural designs pointing out the traits passed down from earlier designs and the influence of the earlier designs on the new ones with regard to the architectural expertise used and the materials utilised. This will be carried out in the areas of new projects for five hours a day, though I will also make enquiries regarding the areas that prove rather difficult to analyse or document abo ut on my own.The other aspect that I will utilise with reference to attaining these results will be interacting with the workers and clients to get a few views regarding the models (TeNeues, 2003). Scope: I will make use of participant-observation over a two-week period for five hours a day; typically observing the designs put into place while documenting the observation and keeping record of the views and hints given by the engineers among other workers. On other days I will vary the timing for the observation so as to attain a comparative picture of the design applications and the views of different staff.Towards attaining these I will offer structured interviews from time to time; so as to acquire information about the time of future investments, the number of participants, and the studies carried out before the operations begin (TeNeues, 2003). Theoretical framework: I will be directed normally by the interpretive point of view and more particularly by TeNeues (2003) situational analysis. The interpretive point of view mainly focuses on understanding the significance and standpoint of the choice of the design to be applied and how the choice is arrived at.I will also explore the meanings the different staff and customers have regarding these designs and the relationship they likely place between the two and the projected results. The situational perspective will further create the need that the study focuses on one or a few specific projects which are to be analysed in details; thus the most appropriate mode of studying the topic from this standpoint is a comparative analysis of the designs and the symbolic significance contained in each of them (TeNeues, 2003).Method: 1. Perform a literature evaluation on the architectural designs employed by the focus company. 2. Monitor the operations of the company through the current project five hours a day for two weeks, focusing mainly on the designs and the rationale behind the choice of the different designs and the past design influencing the choice. 3. Interview team members to clarify and provide insight into the choice of designs. I will ensure I conduct the interviews during the time of design choice and employment.However, despite the fact that the interviews will not be structured or formal; the kinds of question to be asked will include starting with broad based questions then following–up on the informants’ responses to capture their personalised meanings so as to avoid the imposition of meanings on the interviewees (TeNeues, 2003). a. Tell me about the current project b. What issues guided the choice for the utilised architectural design c.What influenced the choice of this design and what were they trying to accomplish from using the given design? e. What success expectations do you have for the project? f. How would you describe the current project in general? 4. Undertake a situational analysis of the study notes and interview notes, guided by theoretical models. 5. Write a research report that combines my understanding of the relevant theory and previous research with the results of my empirical research. Timetable: Prepare proposal by 14 JulyComplete literature review by 16 July Complete fieldwork by 18 July Complete analysis by 20 July Give presentation on 24 July Complete final report by 28 July Limitations: The tightly packed study schedule will limit the time to be allocated to this study to two weeks which may not be ideally enough to make a fully comprehensive study regarding this topic. The other limitation is that some of the officers may not be fully cooperative in providing the information required for the study (TeNeues, 2003).Delimitations: For this study I choose not to observe multiple operation units despite the fact that the comparisons might provide valuable information in order to allow for a more into depth understanding of the focus group. Additionally, I will not make use of formal or structured interviews with the vie w to minimise the chances of obtrusiveness and influencing the views of the informants (TeNeues, 2003). References TeNeues, P. (2003). Berlin and guide (Architecture and design guides), Multilingu edition. New York: TeNeues Publishers.

Erecruitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Erecruitment - Essay Example E here refers to online and recruitment as we all know means to employ people for jobs. In a lump sum, it is also referred to as online recruitment. Basically, by the use of the computer and the internet, it brings potential employers and employees into a single destination in the look for a job. Another form of recruitment that's available is the basic one; the one where companies advertise in the news papers, candidates apply and are called in for interviews. However, the orthodox recruitment system has lost its touch and e-recruitment is taking over. According to a recent study, a job is among the top reasons why new users will come to the internet besides e-mail. It is believed that there are more than 18 million rsum's floating online across the web at this time in history! Many big and small organizations around the globe are using the internet as a source of recruitment. How this process of recruitment works via the internet is that first of all they advertise job vacancies through the internet. Then many people view the positions and the interested job seekers send in their applications or curriculum vitae (what many people refer to as the CV in recent times) through an e-mail over the internet. Alternately, this system works in the reverse as well; the job seekers place their CV's over the worldwide web which can be viewed by prospective employers depending upon their necessities. Generally, there are two kinds of e-recruitment that an organization can use, 1) Job portals, and 2) By creating an e-recruiting section in a company's own website. Most organizations prefer looking for jobs through job portals then by creating a separate section for that purpose on their own company website. How organizations make use of the job portals can be compared to how a fishnet separates fish from water; the approaching organizations place the job descriptions and specifications on the job portal and then search the possible rsum's posted on the site to match their demand. Lets discuss how the second option works; the company adds a software to its website, where the hopeful applicants post their rsums into the company database for consideration when a job vacancy is reported. However if we compare the two options, the job portal option seems much better to me. The people who operate the job portals, even though they charge you a certain fee in case they find you a match, they always give you the best filtered results and save your time. What the people who work for the job portals do, is that they search the entire lot of applications, only for the most capable and deserving one's which are then forwarded to the organization for selection from the already shot-listed candidates. However, in the case where the company posts jobs on its own website, not only would be prove expensive to them, but would also take up a lot of their time. They would have to pay bills to their web-operators who set sets up the job adds on their website, then they'll have to waste time looking through all the candidates who

The Developing Manager Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 2

The Developing Manager - Assignment Example rther, this report examines my current position in terms of personal development needs, current performance and future needs in the excellence of this career. Managers have different skills and aspects which help them when dealing with different issues in order to bring out the best out of a situation. Skills of a manager should be aligned with the need to achieve the set goals of the organization. I’m a team leader and I have been involved with leading and coordinating people to achieve the set objectives of the hotel where I plan to work as a manager in the future. My knowledge, strengths, and abilities have enabled me to influence control in most of the groups in have worked with. This is because I’m a transparent, honest leader with high public relation skills. This has enabled me to communicate effectively with my team. I have also managed to use my skills to motivate hard work which has seen my team provide enormous support to our target. As a leader, I’m internally motivated and my resilient capacity allows me to go on even at tough times which are mostly prevalent in the disadvantaged places (Sandra, C., 2009) . I have good conflict resolution skills. While I have successfully managed to be a very effective facilitator, my efforts are mostly dragged behind my criticism which threatens to wreak havoc while we are working. Some members may offer criticisms which are not well taken by the recipient resulting to conflicts. My knowledge, strengths, and abilities as an effective leader allow me to be effective in such areas as conflict resolutions, delegation capacities and organizational skills. This helps me organize and manage tasks without being perceived to be unfair by some members. I believe that possession of such abilities enables me to improve the performance of my groups to achieve our purpose as outlined in our objectives. Organizational skills help me manage the team’s resources properly as our situation requires as to be very economical and

Character Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Character Analysis - Essay Example is angry like when she declared â€Å"That was not a successful intervention, Ferret Face† after he declares that the family reaction to Rose’s behavior is â€Å"something that the whole family agrees upon.† Through Violet’s eyes, we can see the Rose desperately tries to reach out to reality but realizes she is becoming a burden, and she says â€Å"don’t hate me† to her mother in an attempt to make up for what she has done wrong unintentionally. The mother and the father are significant in the story as they present different views of how parents deal with mentally imbalanced children. One becomes too pragmatic that they become too detached with the situation, making them seem uncaring. This is significantly seen when she blatantly declares that her daughter â€Å"doesn’t need a heart to heart talk with mom, she needs a hospital.† But it is actually their shield to cover up for their fear as can be felt when she says â€Å"warrior queens†¦I raised warrior queens.† The other parent becomes the one attempting to shield himself from the reality of the situation. Like when the father insists that they talk more to Rose and when didn’t want to go to the woods when Rose finally killed

Leader Ship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leader Ship - Essay Example It is very important for any leader to understand what motivates him/her or his/her co-workers (19-21). As a leader I am privileged to poses empathy skills; the ability that helps understand other people’s perceptions and feelings by putting one ‘self in their shoes. It has also helped me understand how change will affect people, and as such helping in making informed decision before making any changes. The other strong leadership skill that I possess is social skills; a very important skill that has enabled me to socialize with other people including my colleagues. Usually, I take interest in my subject’s and colleagues interests including their loved ones and families since they are critical in their lives. There are certain sets of leadership skills that I wish to develop. First, I would wish to develop skills in teaching and coaching since it is very important for a leader to be concerned with the growth and development of his followers or subjects (Leatherman 77). I also wish to develop delegating skills which ideal in understand how to best delegate duties to my co-workers. This is important since it helps create a more confident and comfortable relationship my followers (Leatherman

Safety community care plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Safety community care plan - Essay Example They should be allowed to excel and strive to achieve their goals. Be able to reside and work in their chosen location and field as long as they are qualified for the job (Pamela J. Salsberry, 2003. Page Number: 39). They are usually part of a family belonging to a cultural group, living within a community or region of their choice. The environment can be open or closed. It can contribute to the building or endangering of the persons self esteem. One might adapt to the environment depending on one's personal preference. A person might be seen in the eyes of others as the product of their environment that might be interpreted as a negative or a positive statement. Depending on one's interpretation of the statement. Some environments have sub-cultures within the environment. Each group has different beliefs, such as religion, diet, attire, and dialects. The environment sometimes contributes to some medical problems, for example respiratory problems. Nurses unfamiliar with the laws and customs of the environment might need to familiarize themselves with cultural practices. What is appropriate and inappropriate for that culture for example male nurses not allowed to give care to female patients in that environment and vice versa. Nurses might need to observe the environment for safety precautions and life threatening situations. Which will contribute or cause an illness, or preventing recovery. The environment is considered home and that is were the person resides. It is a familiar surrounding for the individual. Health can be defined as freedom from either a mental or physical condition, which impedes one from performing activities of daily living or preventing the person from functioning at their optimum level, for that individual. The person is considered mentally or physically stable or unstable depending on the diagnosis he/she is assigned. Health is when a person is in a state of well-being. The individual has been free of pain and disease. The patient is always the focus; therefore it is called "patient focused care". Health is considered the quality of life, when an individual is independent and able to function without any obstacles of impedement (Jowett, S., 2004, 579-587). 3. Plan In nursing the nurse should be able to critical think, be caring, competent, compassionate and have a conscience according to Roach. Nursing would include, doing a nursing assessment, nursing diagnosis, nursing care plan, and a nursing interventions. Starting with short-term goals, and upon achieving short-term goals for the patient, then proceed to long-term goals. Goals should be realistic. Then evaluate and reassess if the needs arises. Problem solving and treating the patients as human, the same way you would like to be treated. 4. Evaluation The safety of a neighborhood is an important indicator of its overall economic and social health. Neighborhood crime prevention efforts are essential. Safe neighborhoods are necessary to foster common values and community quality of life. Neighborhood crime, on the other hand, creates fear and distrust among

Critical assessment of the contention that todays globalised business Essay

Critical assessment of the contention that todays globalised business environment is mainly about the production of flows, and needs to take little account of territories - Essay Example Flows are a significant part of the current globalization process because they allow for cultures and economies of different countries to be integrated to one another. This leads to the creation of a common style of doing things and a step towards the development of a common global culture (Wolf 2004). A territory refers to a defined area of water and land mass, and air owned by a country, state, organization or a person. People have often hold the view that globalization has caused the dissolving of all boundaries and borders and that cultural influences, people and money can flow freely all round the globe. According to such a view, the globalised business environment is basically about the creation of needs and flows that take little consideration of territories. However, there are instances in which we find that the flows of goods, technologies or services are subject to territory border restrictions (Bhagwati 2004). ICT has played a significant role in globalization because it has changed the environment in which services and goods are created and distributed. Currently, people move across international boundaries for purposes of business, studies, searching for better economic opportunities and tourism. This in turn has led to transfer of technologies, trade patterns and factor endowments across the world. (Freeman 2006). Even with the potential advantages of globalisation, there are still policies that control or restrict the free movement of workers into advanced labour markets. Some territories continue to be a significant part of today’s globalization to a great extends for example the San Diego-Tijuana. Tijuana-San Diego lies on the border between, San Diego and Tijuana, two large coastal cities in North America. The international metropolitan area is located at the junction of major state routes, interstates and federal highways. It is positioned at the terminus of 10 major federal highways and interstates. Stiglitz(2006) explains that such a strategic position is important for globalization because it serves as a point which people or states meet and integrate. It facilitates easy flow and exchange of ideas, goods, capital, technology and people. San Diego is a significant area of culture finance, and economies in California while Tijuana is a significant regional business center in northwestern Mexico. Globalization has enabled the region to remain as a dominant commercial center in the US. According to Noah Timothy (2010), San Diego experiences the most active land-crossing in the world as people cross for business and tourist purposes. Globalisation has allowed san Diego-Tijuana to grow to a powerful economic region in the California. As much as globalization has increased the flow of goods or people across borders, there are still some policies and trade regulations in some countries that restrict the importation of certain goods (Bhagwati 2004). For exa mple the importation of certain merchandise are restricted or totally prohibited in Portugal to protect its economy and security while some are subject to restrain under import quota (US. Department of Commerce 2010).This means that globalization does not have the power to disregard territories. The current flow of goods people, finance and cultural ideas around has bound up territories through the creation of a global competitive environment that

Local Community by Volunteering Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Local Community by Volunteering - Lab Report Example These goals and objectives can only be achieved when a company is able to take appropriate decisions to cope with unexpected situations. Moreover, good image among people also plays a key role in the success of a company. A good company or organization is one which not only seeks profits through providing quality products and services to the customers but also stands by their side in case of natural disasters. In this report, we will discuss how Toyota, a Japanese car manufacturing company, can work towards bringing improvement to the lives of people affected due to recent earthquake and tsunami. 2. Importance of the Event The 2011 earthquake and tsunami caused severe damages to Japan’s economy. The earthquake not only affected lives of the people living near the focal point of the earthquake but also adversely affected the car manufacturing industry and Japan’s nuclear system. Being nationals of Japan, it is one of our main responsibilities to work towards bringing imp rovement to the lives of people and to the overall economy of Japan. For this reason, we can plan to organize a function or event that will provide an opportunity for internal clients and community members to network while also raising money. As the community is badly hit by the natural disaster, the funds can go towards disaster relief center of Japan. It will also provide us with the opportunity to raise our company’s profile among the local community. 3. Overview of the Idea Being the advisor to the head of division, I have planned an event which can help us accomplish the above-mentioned tasks. The plan is to organize a car racing event in 10 main cities of Japan, which include Nagoya, Toyohashi, Ichinomiya, Okazaki, Toyota, Inazawa, Inuyama, Kariya, Setyo, and Handa. The event will be organized in December. In the car racing event, we will not use hybrid cars, rather we will introduce our latest electric cars in order to make people aware of our latest developments. We w ill specially invite our internal clients along with the community members in the event. For the collection of funds, we will use the following ways: 1. Funds collected through sale of tickets 2. Funds collected through company’s net profits 3. Funds collected through participation of rich internal clients 3.1 Usage of Funds The main intent of the plan is to collect a good amount of funds through the event in order to use those funds to bring relief to the lives of the affected people. Some part of the collected funds will be given to the Japan disaster management center in order to make our contribution in providing relief to the economy of the county. Our main is to use the collected funds in the benefits of our society. We will help our people stand on their toes once again. The event will be organized in those cities which are not affected by the disaster and where people have strong financial backgrounds. We will educate people regarding the need of their participation i n bringing improvement to the nation’s economy. The event will not only help us collect a high amount of funds but also it will help our company maintain a good image among the local community. 3.2 External Consultant The event will include all those activities which are critically important for the success of any specific event. Along with car racing, some other attractive features of the event will incl

The entrepreneurial process that brought about the creation and growth Essay

The entrepreneurial process that brought about the creation and growth of the business venture, mySmoothie, by the innovative entrepreneur, Domeniqu - Essay Example Even though managers and staff may have their own roles, the role of the entrepreneur is most pivotal because the entrepreneur represents the vision and future if the business (McCarthy, 2001). This is to say that, the entrepreneur has vital roles to play in terms of process and behavior and it is only when these roles are played well that growth and expansion can come about. To this effect, the writer is putting mySmoothie on the periscope to critically analyze, using theories and concepts from entrepreneurship to explain how the business venture has operated and the positive outcomes that has resulted particularly from its entrepreneurial process. Entrepreneurial Processes adopted by mySmoothie As far as entrepreneurship processes are concerned, mySmoothie has adhered to three major and important concepts and theories of entrepreneurship. These are recognizing opportunities and generating ideas, decision making and planning, and marketing. Diagrammatically, the write-up shall be pr esented as below: Firstly, Domenique and for that matter mySmoothie has in place entrepreneurial processes that ensure that production and operations of the company meet the needs of consumers. According to the International Institute for Management Development, IMD (2007), mySmoothie was started out of the theory of recognizing opportunities and generating ideas in the sense that, Domenique Forsberg took advantage of the absence of winter in Sweden in 2004 to start a company that rightly matched the prevailing whether at the time. The opportunity was the absence of winter and the idea generated was to start a fruit drink company that would produce chilled drinks to cool the thirst of consumers. This indeed worked perfectly and was a step in the right direction. Indeed, in entrepreneurship, the process of meeting the needs of consumers is paramount in choosing what to deal in. This is because consumers are becoming more and insightful of the need to purchase products that match thei r needs rather than those that match their wants. It is no wonder therefore that after just two year of operation, mySmoothie was reported to have made â‚ ¬1 million in 2006 (IMD, 2007, p.1). Such operations of recognizing opportunities and generating ideas have continued to be one of the most adhered theories for mySmoothie in all its business processes. For instance the company has recognized the prevailing health concerns associated with the use of sugar, preservatives and other additive and come up with the idea of eliminating the use of these compounds from its products (BevNET, 2011). The process of decision making and planning at mySmoothie is also in conformity with entrepreneurial concepts and theory on leadership. Ashley (2010) opines that â€Å"leadership philosophy is a set of beliefs and principles that strongly influence how we perceive ourselves within an organization and those that we lead.† This explanation goes a long way to explain the importance of lead ership in any given organization or establishment, of which mySmoothie is not excluded. According to Ashley (2010), one important component of leadership is decision making. In entrepreneurial theories, there are three major types of entrepreneurs as far as decision making is concerned. These are authoritarian or autocratic leaders, participative or democratic leaders and delegative or free reign leadership (Clark, 2006). According to Clark (2006), â€Å"a good leader (entrepreneur) uses all three styles, depending on what forces are involved between the followers, the leader and the situation.† Relating this assertion to mySmoothie, it will be right to say that the process of decision making and planning is at its best in the organization. This is because at mySmoothie,

The Industrial Revolution Essay Example for Free

The Industrial Revolution Essay From the beginning of the Industrial Revolution to the present day, the structure and culture of the American workplace have been affected by many forces, among them capitalism, technology, globalization, and issues of equality. Describe these forces in detail and analyze their impact on the structure and culture workplace. Capitalism Capitalism is an economic system that is based on the private ownership of capital or the means of production and the creation of goods and services for profit. Some of the elements central to capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets and a price system. Capitalism has been dominant in the Western world since the end of Mercantilism. It was fostered by the Reformation, which sanctioned hard work and frugality, and by the rise of the industry during the Industrial Revolution, especially the English textile industry. Unlike earlier systems, capitalism used the excess of production over consumption to enlarge productive capacity rather than investing it in economically unproductive enterprises such as palaces or cathedrals. It is now widely recognized that a new global economy is emerging. It is characterized by the transnational flow of capital, goods, services and labor; by greater national specialization and increased competition across borders; and by the use of new technologies that radically disrupt traditional ways of doing business. In seeking competitive advantage, the United States has targeted a niche for itself at the top of the world economy: It has opted to use the highest technology, to have the most capital- and knowledge-intensive industries, and to produce the highest quality and highest value-added goods and services. Surfing the crest of this giant wave is not easy: To maintain its prosperity, the U. S. economy must be in a state of constant change, driven by a process of â€Å"creative destruction. † Inefficient products, companies and entire industries continually need to be replaced. Capitalism is the social system which now exists in all countries of the world. Under this system, the means for producing and distributing goods (the land, factories, technology, transport system etc. ) are owned by a small minority of people. we refer to this group of people as the capitalist class. The majority of people must sell their ability to work in return for a wage or salary. the working class are paid to produce goods and services which are then sold for a profit. The profit is gained by the capitalist class because they can make more money selling what we have produced. In this sense, the working class are exploited by the capitalist class. The capitalist live off the profits they obtain from exploiting the working class whilst reinvesting some of their profits for the further accumulation of wealth. This is what we mean when we say there are two classes in society. It is a claim based upon simple facts about the society we live in today. This class division is the essential feature of capitalism. It may be popular to talk about various other â€Å"classes† exiting such as the â€Å"middle class†, but it is the two classes defined her that are the key to understanding capitalism. Profits In capitalism, the motive for producing goods and services is to sell them and make a profit. this is not done to necessarily satisfy the needs of the people. The products of capitalist production have to find a buyer, of course, but this is only incidental to the main aim of making a profit, of ending up with more money than was originally invested. This is not a theory that we have thought up but a fact you can easily confirm for yourself by reading financial reports from the press and other source. Production is started is started not by what consumers are prepared to pay for to satisfy their needs but by what the capitalists calculate can be sold at a profit. Those goods may satisfy human needs but those needs will not be met if people don’t have the money to purchase them. The profit motive is not just the result of greed on behalf of individual capitalists. Many times they do not have a choice about it. The need to make a profit is imposed on capitalist as a condition for not losing their investments and their position as capitalist. Competition with other capitalists forces them to reinvest as much of their profits as they can afford to keep their means and methods of production up to date. As you will see, we hold that it is the class division and profit motive of capitalism that is at the root of most of the world’s problems today, from starvation to war, to alienation and crim. Every aspect of our lives is subordinated to the worst excesses of the drive to make profit. In capitalist society, our real needs will only ever come a poor second to the requirements of profit. Technology Technology is defined as the making, modification, usage and knowledge of tools, machines, crafts, techniques, systems, methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a preexisting solutions to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation or perform a specific function.

Understanding Organisational Behaviour And Leadership Management Essay

Understanding Organisational Behaviour And Leadership Management Essay Leadership is a vital and pivotal role in any organisation, regardless of size. It can be in the form of a single person in a small sole-trader like business, or in the complex structure of a multinational corporation. Leadership is essential for organisations to achieve their goals, and to manage their employees in the process. I will be looking into the theories of leadership and assessing how they affect the work performance of employees, in terms of motivation and efficiency. In particular, I will discuss the path-goal theory, and how it links into the different styles of management affecting employee work performance, as well as the benefits and criticisms of the model, and finishing with a conclusion as to what my stance is on the subject of leadership affecting work performance and to what extent performance is affected by leadership and theories such as this. From preliminary reading and understanding of this area in the subject of organisational behaviour, my viewpoint can come to assume that leadership does have an effect on an employees performance, and that the style and method of leadership does have a positive correlation on the mentioned relationship. The Path-Goal Theory The performance of employees in an organisation is much dependant on the leadership they have. Leadership has to be effective and tailored to the particular situation to ensure that the optimum efficiency is achieved. The path-goal theory of leadership effectiveness, developed by Robert House in 1976, is a transactional leadership theory that explains how leadership should be carried out in a manner that brings out the best in the employees abilities and is dependent on the efficiency, motivation and satisfaction of the employees in an organisation. The theory outlines how leadership behaviour and the employees abilities will lead to a particular path that will achieve the outcome, the goal (House, 1996). This goal would be a mutual goal of the worker and the organisation. Different leadership styles are needed, in terms of leadership behaviour, depending on the demands and circumstance of the particular state of affairs (House, 1971). Looking at the theory in more detail, this situational leadership theory explains how an individuals attitudes and their behaviour are in ­fluenced by the link between their effort and performance, the goal paths, and the attractiveness of the rewards, which is the goal attractiveness, being it the leaders job for this direction (Strebel, 1994). Therefore, these individuals would be productive, and their desires fulfilled when they see a strong connection between their effort and performance and when this results in highly appreciated rewards. House argues that the most successful leaders are those who assist their subordinates go down the path to receiving valued rewards (Indvik, 1986). The theory states that leader behaviour must be motivating and gratifying to the level that it clarifies the aims and the paths to the goals and as a result increases goal attainment, hence success, thus increasing the work performance of the employees (Evans, 1970). From this, we can gain the basic idea behind the path-goal theory as being the following shown in Figure 1.1 (Northouse, 2007): The path-goal theory is a very complex concept, as you look further into it. An array of factors and characteristics, such as leadership behaviour, subordinate characteristics and task characteristics are evident when looking at this concept of path-goal theory (Northouse, 2007). Even though there are potentially many different leadership styles, this theory approach has broken down these styles into four distinct leadership styles (House Mitchell, 1974). Directive Leadership: this style is where the leader would tell the workers what to do and what is expected and provide detailed guidance, standards of work, and schedules of work to assist performance Supportive Leadership: in this style, the leader treats its subordinates as an equal member of the organisation, and would go out of their way to ensure the well being, personal needs and status of the employees are maintained pleasantly. In addition to this, there would be interpersonal relationships developed as a result of this leadership style. Participative Leadership: this is a more democratic leadership style, whereby the subordinates are involved in the decision-making process of the organisation. The leader would consult the employees and take into account their opinions when making decision on how the group will tackle the task. Achievement-orientated Leadership: leaders set high targets and challenging goals for the subordinate to achieve, and therefore expects them to perform at their highest standard. However, achievement-orientated leaders show large amounts of confidence in their workers to achieve the goals set out. In comparison to Fiedlers Contingency Theory (Fiedler, 1967), which advocates that leadership style is resistant to change, the path-goal theory is one where the same manager can execute the four different styles of leadership behaviour during different situations at different times. However, it must be taken into consideration that although path-goal model fails to explain how to identify the most appropriate leadership style, the theory does give a series of situational factors that need to be taken into account when making the decision on the style of leadership. From this, we can see, in Figure 1.2, the major components of the path-goal theory, putting everything discussed so far into a visual model (Northouse, 2007). Strengths and Weaknesses of the Path-Goal Theory The path goal theory has both strengths and weaknesses. One key positive of this model is the fact that it is the first attempt to provide an expanded framework which brings together the previous works of contingent and situational leadership as well as the expectancy theory (Jermier, 1996). Furthermore, the path-goal theory is one where attempts have been made to incorporate motivation principles from the expectancy theory into the theory of leadership, and from my further reading, this seems to be a unique characteristic, as no other leadership theory has this relationship with the principles of motivation. In addition to all of this, the path-goal theory has a clear direction, and a path, so to speak. It definitive as to what the managers need to do with their subordinates and it defines very practical and clear roles for a leader. It ensures that questions are constantly being asked of improvements in work performance to reach the mutual objectives of all. On the other hand, there are also many criticisms that are to be addressed. This model is regarded to be a very complex theory since it considers many parameters and therefore requires extensive analysis of those parameters to effectively choose the correct leadership style for the situation at hand. Additionally, another limitation has come about from the relationships detailed by the path-goal model. These have been the subjects of a number of empirical studies to test the validity of the theory (Schriesheim Kerr, 1997; Schriesheim Schriesheim, 1980; Schriesheim Von Glinow, 1977; Stinson Johnson, 1975; Wofford Liska, 1993). In some of this research, it is apparent that leader direction is strongly related to the workers satisfaction when tasks are ambiguous, however other pieces of research fail to agree on this. Another factor to be noted as a criticism of this theory is element that not all aspects of the theory have been given the same amount of attention and detail in the creation of the model, as well as much of the research to date only involving partial aspects of the model (Faulk Wendler, 1982), it is evident that a good level of detail has gone into the aspects of directive and supportive leadership, unlike the other two styles, participated and achievement-orientated, have fewer studies addressing them. It is therefore that the claims of this model will remain tentative due to the lack of a full picture in the research findings and not being able to have consistent corollaries of path-goal theory (Evans, 1996; Jermier, 1996; Schriesheim Neider, 1996). This extent research has tested the theorys predictions regarding the moderators of lead ­ership effectiveness, and how to assess as to whether the situational variables interrelate with the leadership styles in the predicted approach. It can be verified that the model is successful in predicting how the situational variables and leadership styles come together to influence individual satisfaction. However, the model seems not be a good predictor of a group or even and individual performance. The final criticism that can be made of the path-goal theory concerns an indirect outcome as a result of implementing such a theory. The model greatly relies on leaders to give full direction, coaching and guidance to their subordinates and it is the leaders who define the goals and assist them in their path to success and achieving these objectives. This therefore means that there is an enormous reliance on the leaders from the workforce, disregarding independence. As a result subordinates are dependent and reliant on the leaders and managers to get through the obstacles during the path to the goal, and hence, this theory fails to recognise and utilise the full abilities and skills of the subordinates, asking questions of the subordinates in the firm rather than the leaders, and originally mentioned in the original theory (Green, 1979). In some ways we can see that the major disadvantage in trying to authenticate the model empirically, is the fact that the model contains too many variables and simply tries to explain too much, making it very complex. Therefore, conducting an experiment examining the full path-goal theory of leadership will be difficult because of the numerous variables. Nonetheless, the studies that are available tend to support the model, even though they suggest that it understates the intricacy of the situation. Adding to this, the research mentioned recommend that other variables, such as structure and conflict, also need to be integrated into it. Conclusion The path-goal theory was developed for leaders to help and assist them in motivating subordinates to be productive, efficient and increase job satisfaction. Due to it being a theory that is based upon the task, the behaviour of the leader as well as the contributions of the subordinates, it can be classed as a contingency theory, one of which has been derived and created from the expectancy theory. An expectancy theory is one about the mental processes regarding choosing or making a choice. It explains the processes that an individual undergoes to make choices. On the other hand a contingency theory can be defined as the theory that explains how different management styles will be more effective in different situations. Looking at the four different leadership styles, it gives the leader room for change and provides a more dynamic approach to this aspect of business. It is certain to say that leadership does affect and employees work performance. As to what extent by which it is affected, that is something that is subject to a matter of individual opinion. Referring back to my stance, it can be believed that there is a strong positive relation between a good leader and subsequently increased work performance by the subordinates. Theories and models such as this, the path-goal model, provide a great guidance to leaders and manager as to how they can be effective themselves, in order for this to be passed down the hierarchy in the firm. This model gives some structure an despite the fact that it does have many criticisms and drawbacks it is one that offers a large et of predictions and assumptions as to how leaders interact with their subordinates, and the idea of steering them down the right path in order to achieve this common goal and objective with a reward that motivates them, achieving goal attractiveness is a great one, and perfectly sums up this theory and its objectives. Being one of the first models to provide an expanded framework, which brings together the previous works of contingent and situational leadership, it is far more complex than what one would initially think. It proves that leadership is effective and useful, especially when tasks are unclear and/or the subordinates are autonomous, and choosing the right leadership style is essential in motivating employees and increasing their work performance. It is therefore that I believe that leadership does greatly affect and influence employee work per formance, looking at it through the analysis of the path-goal theory of leader effectiveness.

Comparison Between SSADM And SSM

Comparison Between SSADM And SSM INTRODUCTION The comparison between SSADM and SSM has taken in this topic by using NIMSAD. Both methodologies has shown their own concept of identifying problem situation and finding solution to fix the problems SSDAM (Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method) Structured System Analysis and Design method is a framework that adopts Structure approach to the analysis and design of the information systems alike previous structured methods such as Yourdon in 1976,DeMarco in 1979 . It is sequential development process called as waterfall method. It was produced for Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA) and also the UK government now known as Office of Government Commerce (OGC). In 1981 UK government was taken this method as a compulsory for all projects but since then the other countries and some private organization used it greatly (Ashworth et al, 1995).SSADM supports the developers and project managers in understanding four questions they are What is to be done, When it is to be done, How it is to be done, Where the resultant inform is to be documented (Bentley et al, 1995).Some history of this methodology since 1980 Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency determines the analysis and design methods. In the year of 1981 Learmonth Burchett Management Systems (LBMS) method has chosen from shortlist of five. In the year of 1983 SSADM made mandatory for all new information system developments. Version 2 of SSADM was released in 1984. Version 3 of SSADM was released and that was adapted by NCC in 1986. After 1988, SSADM certificate of Proficiency launched, SSADM promoted as open standard. Version 4 of SSADM has released in 1990. (Websites: http://www.dcs.bbk.ac.uk/~steve/1/tsld005.htm). This is a wide methodology and also flexible to apply at any kind of problem situation. It divides the works or projects into distinct units (Downs et al, 1992).SSADM is a basic assumption that systems have an underlying, generic, data structure which changes very little over time (Ashworth et al,1990). The SSADM version 4 has formed five important frames such as, Feasibility Study (FS), Requirements Analysis (RA), Requirements Specification (RS), Logical System Specification (LS) and Physical Design (PD). This five-module framework has seven stages and each stage has explained exactly with their own strategy, controls, and activity, this helps the main purpose of the project management technique (Avison and Fitzgerald, 1995; Downs et al, 1992). Diagram The Feasibility Study (FS) is first module of the methodology; it holds the position of stage 0, this phase has four steps: First one is prepare for study to know measurement of evaluation of the project; then define the problem by using comparison between requirements with current position; selection of Feasibility from among others; the final one is to submit a report of the Feasibility. Data flow diagram and flow documents are used in this technique (Avison and Fitzgerald, 1995). Requirement Analysis (RA) is one of the most important stages of SSADM. This involved with describing the requirements of information systems. This is a fundamental level for business purpose. It has two stages; a major aim of the first stage is to make understand fully about the system for analysts. Analyst should investigate the feasibility of the project if before stage was not done and also the problem situation should be described by using data models and data flow models; Interviewing to the employees and users also included in this stage. The second one is Business System option; during this stage the analysts would determine such business system options by group actions for their customers. The previous stage has named that, a business system option is a potential solution to the system requirements. This includes boundaries of the solution and inputs and outputs. Requirement Specification (RS) is a single stage and it makes over the description of the current environment and business system option which was made by Requirements Analysis. Clients of this system would select business option at the end of RA. During this stage analysts should combine the investigation of all the stages results from 1 to 3 by keep the business option, to develop a specification of the system. It also describes actual function of the system. Entity-event modelling and rational data analysis are the techniques used in this stage. During the stage 3, various models of the system are being developed such as, Data Flow Model (DFM) and Logical Data Model (LDM).This stage brings details the DFM and LDM. The function definition has unites into one for specification process design at this stage. The next module, Logical System Specification (LS) has two stages in it. Such as stage 4 and stage 5, Technical System Option considered as stage 4 and Logical design as stage 5. Technical System Option is the final stage for analysis phase and conversion to the literal system design. Many execution chances are suggested to select nearly suitable solution similar to stage 2. This technical system options are measured by financial cost and performance of the system and limitations etc. After the stage 4, Logical Design took place as a stage 5, the works and investigation has been done as same like before stage. The main execution of Logical Design is about human factor. It defines dialogue and updates enquiries in non-procedural manner, which is independent of any implementation strategy. Physical Design (PD) is the final module of this system. It is the best choice of possible technical and logical solution, the designer combines the result of the previous stages to build the final aim of the system. This is stage 6 and outcomes in PD for the data and processes (Ashworth et al, 1990, Bentley et al, 1995, Downs et al, 1992). The above essay tells that, SSADM has a well-defined structure and easy to understand by everyone. Many of the UK University has taken this information system in comprehensively and completely. These models and diagrams are giving complete definitions for the final users and developers to understand (Ashworth et al, 1990, Avison and Fitzgerald, 1995). ETHICS (Effective Technique and Human Implementation of Computer-based Systems) Ethics methodology came up out of work started by Enid Mumford at Manchester Business School in 1969. Since then, it has been used in industries and the health services. Much experience gained from these usages (Mumford, 1997). Ethics is acronym, but this approach is to represent the ethical position. This is the information system development, which strongly supports the human participation (Avison and Fitzgerald, 1995). This methodology is well-known for its importance and interest in the human side of systems design (Jayaratna, 1994). It includes the socio-technical view for the system to be effective and this technology should be applicable for social and organisational factors. It also means that a valuable quality of working life and increased job satisfaction of the users is one of the major objective of this system design process. Mumford determines the essential quality of socio-technical approach as one which recognizes the interaction of technology and people and produces the work systems which are both technically efficient and have social characteristics which lead to high job satisfaction; and job satisfaction as the attainment of a good fit between what the employee is seeking from his work-and his job needs, expectations and aspirations-and what he is required to do in his job-the organisational job requirements which mould his experience(Avison and Fitzgerald, 1995). To determine the concept of fit is used to describe the job satisfaction in five fields: Firstly, knowledge fit as a good fit lives when employees should accept that their skills are being adequately utilized and their knowledge being improved to make them efficiently; Physical fit is the second area that means; job must suitable for the employee status, encouragement of the progress and work interest; thirdly efficiency fit, it composed of the effort-reward bargain, work controls and supervisory controls; fourthly the task structured fit, that measures the level to the employees task are considered as being fulfilling and demanding; and the final area is ethical fit, this is also represents social value fit and determines whether the employer organisation be compatible with values of employee(Avison and Fitzgerald 1995). Ethics is a methodology that based on human participation and socio technical character. The Ethics design group consist of users, managers and technical experts. The objective of this methodology helps the design group in the way of identifying and formulating the problem, and also it will set objectives and develop alternatives, and allow other actions like implementing and evaluating new system. It aims to construct the computer based system that provides job satisfaction and achieve the efficiency needs of the organisation (Jayaratna, 1994). During this development, the importance placed on both the human and social and the technical views of the system. Users formulate social alternatives to improve job satisfaction, and experts formulate technical alternatives to improve business efficiency. The above aspects are emphasis to identify the best socio-technical fit under the common cost, resource and other environment constraints (Wong, 2001). Here, the ETHICS steps are executed by the design group: Why change? By enquiring about the problem situation of the current system, design group try to get objective through regular meetings and some discussions to answer the question: why do we need to change. This step gives clear reasons about why the changing system needed (Mumford, 1993). System Boundaries. The design team tries to identify the boundaries of the system and also how it is interfaces with other system. Description of Existing System. This step aims to educate the design group to know how the existing system works. Everyone in this group has more comprehensible of previous system before moving to the new system. 4, 5 and 6 Definition of the key objectives, tasks and information needs. Identify the key objectives for the design groups; the task required to achieve these objectives and information is needed to carry out the tasks. 7. Diagnosis of Efficiency Needs. The design group tries to identify the weak link in the system and that is to be documented. These are main reason for errors. Everyone outside the team help to identify the efficiency need. This could be the opportunity for the team to get involved in the development process. 8. Diagnosis of Job Satisfaction Needs. This is achieved by the standard questionnaire given in the ETHICS methodology. As we know earlier ETHICS is a human-cantered method for others to gain the job satisfaction. The design team tries to identify people needs and also ways to increase satisfaction by using ETHICS questionnaire. This questionnaire covers knowledge fit, physical fit, efficiency fit, task structured fit and ethical fit. 9. Future Analysis The new system need to be designed in the way that apart from just being better from previous system, it should also be able to cope with future changes that may occur in the technological, business and organisation or fashion. 10. Specifying and weighting Efficiency and Job Satisfaction Needs and Objectives Mumford identifies that this is the key step for the whole methodology. Objectives are set according to the diagnosis results of the three previous steps. It can be very difficult task and must involve everyone in the organisation. 11. Organizational Design of the New System. This is the logical and conceptual design of the new system. It should be performed in parallel with next step. The output of this step is detailed about the organizational changes which are needed for the job efficiency and satisfaction objectives. 12. Technical Options. The physical design has been taken by this step for new system. There are some various technical systems like hardware, software and GUI would be investigated and evaluated. By end of this step, most suitable one helps to achieve target of the project and job satisfaction. 13. Preparation of Detailed Design Work. In this step the selected system is designed in detail. The previous documentation is recorded and groups are defined, tasks, responsibilities are allocated and finally relationships are created. 14. Implementation. This is the important step of the development project. The design group now applies the success implementation of design. This connects closely to planning the implementation process in detail. 15. Evaluation. After the successful implementation, the system is assured it is meeting its main objectives, particularly in relation to efficiency and job satisfaction (Avison and Fitzgerald, 1995, Mumford, 1993). Mumford recognizes that implementing this methodology is not an easy one; also she is making the addition point that participative may not work at the powerful situations where the objectives of the system have as a part of the reduction of cost and redundancies. Aylors and Myers suggest that participation may be achieved will be dependent on culture and politics of the organisation more than individuals (Avison and Taylor, 1995). However, many organizations are trying to establish the participation approach in flexible and more useful manner. The comparison between two methodologies (SSADM ETHICS): As we said in the introduction before, we will do comparison between two methodologies mentioned above by using NIMSAD (Normative Information Model-Based System Analysis and Design) framework. These methodologies are compared in detail by using the different steps. This framework consists of three steps and one of the steps contains eight stages fewer than three phases and all the stages steps are correctly evaluated. The steps and stages of the framework will be explained below, The Problem Situation (the methodology context). The Intended Problem Solver (the methodology user). The Problem Solving Process (the methodology). Phase 1- Problem Formation: Stage 1- Understanding the situation of concern. Stage 2- Performing the diagnosis. Stage 3- Defining the prognosis outline. Stage 4- Defining Problem Stage 5- Deriving notional systems. Phase 2- Solution Design: Stage 6- Performing the conceptual/logical design. Stage 7- Performing the physical design. Phase 3- Design Implementation Stage 8- Implementation of design. Evaluation. Problem Situation: This framework will be involved with clients and defines different between the action world and thinking world. This step explains that the problem situation lives in only on action world but the problem solving situation will be in both world. A diagrammatic model cannot catch the elements of an organisation, but they could be used to clarify the concepts and components. This clearly tells that the problem solvers own knowledge and skills will not help to understand the problem situation unless he/she know the organisational language (Jayaratna). Diagram of problem solving situation Intended Problem Solver: The intended problem solver is who originate within the organisation or outside of it. We have begun to discuss about the agreement of role and the act of forming relationship to be effective. The NIMSAD framework explains that the intended problem solver adds the single man component to the process and their Mental Construct is used. Diagram for the intended problem solver: Problem Solving Process: NIMSAD defines three important phases and eight detailed stages in this step and can be applicable for any problem solving process. This framework cannot be assumed and this should be achieved at the right time. This methodology could be structured process to alter transformation from current situation to the desired situation. Phase 1.Problem Formulation: Stage1.Understanding the Situation of concern: Understanding the problem is fully based on each one of our mental construct. This stage will build boundaries to determine the field of interest and clear communication of boundaries to avoid danger and this focused on investigation and establish concerned situation. Stage2.Perfoming the Diagnosis: Diagnosis is clearly communicated expression of understanding and that is gained from investigating the problem situation.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder In Veterans :: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD

For more than twenty years, Patricia Dietz, a wife of a Vietnam veteran, has suffered along with her husband the effects of post traumatic stress disorder. She has stated that, "It has changed everything; it has affected the rest of his and her life." Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is when a person is haunted by his memories so badly that it affects not only the rest of his life, but others close to him as well. Any time there is a traumatic event, physical danger, or threat or personal danger, this disorder is able to appear in ones' life (USA Today Magazine). "A key factor is the persons' response to this event, whether it happens to them or they are witnesses to feelings of intense fear, helplessness, or horror" (USA Today Magazine). "To be classified as PTSD the symptoms must last longer than one month, and usually appear within six months to a year after the event" (USA Today Magazine). Jim Dwyer describes Traumatic memories as "frozen in time, waiting to thaw" (Block, Norris). "PTSD has become a common condition among the armed forces as well as the police, and it has spread throughout society" (Fitzpatrick). "After Vietnam, PTSD appeared and was rapidly taken over from the veterans" (Fitzpatrick). There are a large number of symptoms of PTSD. The Veterans symptoms can be identical to those symptoms experienced when the actual trauma was occurring (Panzarino). "[symptoms include] May be prone to insomnia, irritability, or outbursts of anger, difficulty concentrating, and an exaggerated startled response when shocked" (USA Today Magazine). Michael Wheeler, a Vietnam veteran, is divorced because of PTSD, he was having thoughts of suicide, he couldn't handle life, he thought he was going crazy (Block, Norris). More symptoms are night terrors (dreams), flashbacks, and recurrent/intrusive thoughts of traumatic events (USA Today Magazine). "Many PTSD sufferers develop depression and anxiety or obsessive/compulsive disorder, in addition to alcohol or drug problems" (USA Today Magazine). "Of all the Wars in which Americans have fought Vietnam was without a doubt the one in which soldiers experienced the greatest psychological difficulties" (Welsh 58). In the Vietnam war the enemy didn't have a uniform, they could be hidden in with some of your allies this caused a lot of confusion and led to the saying "I wasn't really sure what was going on," and is probably the key reason why there are so many PTSD sufferers (Welsh 58). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder In Veterans :: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD For more than twenty years, Patricia Dietz, a wife of a Vietnam veteran, has suffered along with her husband the effects of post traumatic stress disorder. She has stated that, "It has changed everything; it has affected the rest of his and her life." Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is when a person is haunted by his memories so badly that it affects not only the rest of his life, but others close to him as well. Any time there is a traumatic event, physical danger, or threat or personal danger, this disorder is able to appear in ones' life (USA Today Magazine). "A key factor is the persons' response to this event, whether it happens to them or they are witnesses to feelings of intense fear, helplessness, or horror" (USA Today Magazine). "To be classified as PTSD the symptoms must last longer than one month, and usually appear within six months to a year after the event" (USA Today Magazine). Jim Dwyer describes Traumatic memories as "frozen in time, waiting to thaw" (Block, Norris). "PTSD has become a common condition among the armed forces as well as the police, and it has spread throughout society" (Fitzpatrick). "After Vietnam, PTSD appeared and was rapidly taken over from the veterans" (Fitzpatrick). There are a large number of symptoms of PTSD. The Veterans symptoms can be identical to those symptoms experienced when the actual trauma was occurring (Panzarino). "[symptoms include] May be prone to insomnia, irritability, or outbursts of anger, difficulty concentrating, and an exaggerated startled response when shocked" (USA Today Magazine). Michael Wheeler, a Vietnam veteran, is divorced because of PTSD, he was having thoughts of suicide, he couldn't handle life, he thought he was going crazy (Block, Norris). More symptoms are night terrors (dreams), flashbacks, and recurrent/intrusive thoughts of traumatic events (USA Today Magazine). "Many PTSD sufferers develop depression and anxiety or obsessive/compulsive disorder, in addition to alcohol or drug problems" (USA Today Magazine). "Of all the Wars in which Americans have fought Vietnam was without a doubt the one in which soldiers experienced the greatest psychological difficulties" (Welsh 58). In the Vietnam war the enemy didn't have a uniform, they could be hidden in with some of your allies this caused a lot of confusion and led to the saying "I wasn't really sure what was going on," and is probably the key reason why there are so many PTSD sufferers (Welsh 58).

The Development of Brands and Branding Essay -- Advertising

In today’s world material goods make a big contribution to one’s image and social status. A wealthy, financially stable person could walk down a street wearing an old pair of jeans and a rugged tee shirt and be taken as a middle-to-low-class person. On the contrary, a middle-class woman could wear her only Custo Barcelona dress and carry her only Louis Vuitton handbag and be viewed as a being with excess wealth and prosperity. Brand images are significant elements of American culture, and they continue to make a statement as prominent products of graphic design. Brands are series of logos, names, slogans, designs, and/or sounds that communicate to people what the company, product, or service in question stands for. Though the main aim of a brand is to develop trust and satisfaction with customers and supporters, people develop their own idea of what this representation may include after experiencing the product for themselves. As more people experience the product and word of the product is spread through society, the brand image becomes synonymous with the product. Some brand images have become so well known that they can be displayed somewhere irrelevant to the product and still are successfully able to convey a message to viewers. A brand is of utmost importance in advertising, and it is essential to develop a brand image early in a product’s life in order to assure that the image will be known for the remainder of time the company or product is in existence. Some companies or products pay companies with previously established brand images to use for their brand image and establish their own brand image. These companies use the existing brand images because certain qualities are associated with these brands. O... ...ed through these products since the advertisement shows â€Å"a successful person† or â€Å"the good life†. They are not really fulfilling the good life or being a successful person, they are buying a brand that represents the good life or a successful person (HBS). Branding is something that will never go away as long as there are things to sell. If branding didn’t exist and people bought products on impulse, companies would find it difficult to sell their products and services. The loyalty that branding produces makes it easier and more efficient for companies to survive. Branding is essential to companies because of the way society operates, through association of ideals to products. As long as companies continue to intensify their image and relate to desirable conditions, people will continue to buy their products and services, and businesses will continue to strive. The Development of Brands and Branding Essay -- Advertising In today’s world material goods make a big contribution to one’s image and social status. A wealthy, financially stable person could walk down a street wearing an old pair of jeans and a rugged tee shirt and be taken as a middle-to-low-class person. On the contrary, a middle-class woman could wear her only Custo Barcelona dress and carry her only Louis Vuitton handbag and be viewed as a being with excess wealth and prosperity. Brand images are significant elements of American culture, and they continue to make a statement as prominent products of graphic design. Brands are series of logos, names, slogans, designs, and/or sounds that communicate to people what the company, product, or service in question stands for. Though the main aim of a brand is to develop trust and satisfaction with customers and supporters, people develop their own idea of what this representation may include after experiencing the product for themselves. As more people experience the product and word of the product is spread through society, the brand image becomes synonymous with the product. Some brand images have become so well known that they can be displayed somewhere irrelevant to the product and still are successfully able to convey a message to viewers. A brand is of utmost importance in advertising, and it is essential to develop a brand image early in a product’s life in order to assure that the image will be known for the remainder of time the company or product is in existence. Some companies or products pay companies with previously established brand images to use for their brand image and establish their own brand image. These companies use the existing brand images because certain qualities are associated with these brands. O... ...ed through these products since the advertisement shows â€Å"a successful person† or â€Å"the good life†. They are not really fulfilling the good life or being a successful person, they are buying a brand that represents the good life or a successful person (HBS). Branding is something that will never go away as long as there are things to sell. If branding didn’t exist and people bought products on impulse, companies would find it difficult to sell their products and services. The loyalty that branding produces makes it easier and more efficient for companies to survive. Branding is essential to companies because of the way society operates, through association of ideals to products. As long as companies continue to intensify their image and relate to desirable conditions, people will continue to buy their products and services, and businesses will continue to strive.

Exploring The Novel Poisonwood Bible And Macbeth English Literature Essay

The drama Macbeth by William Shakespeare and the fresh Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver, are literary plants that explore the deep desires of self fulfilment. While many different literary devices are outstanding in both plants, this paper will concentrate on the intervention of subjects by both writers. Namely the subjects of power and control. These subjects are best highlighted in Lady Macbeth from Macbeth and Nathan Price from the Poisonwood Bible. These two characters best develop the subjects of power and control through their shared features of aspiration, use and pitilessness. Ambition is a reoccurring tool of character development in both The Poisonwood Bible and Macbeth, employed by the writers to stress the overall subjects of power and control. Nathan is a clergyman from America in the Congo trying to conform the small town of Kilanga to the Catholic religion. His aspiration and motivations are powered by fright and blind religion in God, coupled with desire for personal power-which he self interestedly translated into taking control of the small town and holding power over the people. He besides believes that if he does non finish the undertaking he will be unable to come in heaven. His aspiration begins to over power his judgement, his ability to ground and his construct of household, which causes the small town people to beat up against him to seek and re derive their freedom and independency hence exercising their ain signifier of power and re-enforcing the overall subjects. Unlike Nathan ‘s gradual and increased aspiration, Lady Macbeth â₠¬Ëœs aspiration is instantly apparent from the beginning of the drama, and merely grows as the desire for the throne and its power direct her over the border. She right off begins to piece a program to kill King Duncan in order to put her hubby Macbeth in line for the throne. This compulsion drives her insane, and like Nathan her ability to ground, her judgement and her scruples are clouded by her demand for power and control. She acted in ways that showed that she would halt at nil in order to derive the throne even if it meant slaying. Both characters became so ambitious in their efforts to derive power and wield control, that it finally drives them to their ain deceases. Manipulation is another changeless, though more subtly employed, word picture tool in both plants. She manipulated Macbeth into killing Duncan, in order to derive the rubric of King and Queen. Lady Macbeth ironically, felt excessively guilty to kill Duncan herself-due to resemblance to her father-however, had no scruple or concern for Macbeths witting when she manipulated him into killing his friend. In order to carry through this she began oppugning Macbeth ‘s manhood, seeking to convert him that he was emasculate -hence weaker so she, so she and that he could non step up to the undertaking of killing Duncan. This mental use made him oppugn his judgement, which led to him going really baffled. In the terminal her uses were successful, assisting her achieve the power and control she so greatly desired. Nathan like Lady Macbeth, abused his household in order to acquire what he wanted. The villagers had become so fed up with Nathan seeking to command them and their faith that the y rebelled, killing all the white people in their small town. Nathan ‘s married woman and kids are in secret fixing to get away to America, but Nathan, out of fright of solitariness, begins to mistreat and pull strings his married woman, and endanger the lives of his kids, in order to acquire them to stay in the small town and let him to go on his quest. This maltreatment and use allowed Nathan to recover power and control over his household, while doing them even more anguish as they impotently watch the deceases of many people they loved. Both Lady Macbeth and Nathan ‘s uses and evident deficiency of guilt over them, show to the audience merely how pitiless both characters are. This pitilessness is a 3rd of import manner the characters are both developed and the subjects enriched. Nathan is so determined to complete the quest God sent him to make that he forgot his ethical motives and committed awful Acts of the Apostless in order to obtain power over the small town people and control over his household ensuing in the loss of many guiltless lives. His chief distressing act of pitilessness was working his girls and coercing them to remain in the Congo so that he could keep his control over them while the villagers fought for their freedom. These egoistic actions resulted in the decease of his four girls and married woman, go forthing him entirely. Lady Macbeth was far more pitiless so Nathan, upon hearing that Macbeth was to be king she immediately began to inquire God to do her into more of a adult male in order to be able to perpetrate slaying. â€Å" Come, you spirits that tend on moral ideas, unsex me here, aˆ?aˆ?And make full me, from the Crown to the toe, Top-full of direst inhuman treatment. aˆ?aˆ?A Make midst my blood. â€Å" ( Lady Macbeth- Act 1 scene V ) . She lost her scruples wholly and began to move without witting in the effort to derive the throne, her symbols of power and control. Lady Macbeth increasingly becomes more pitiless, until she does non even question the idea of killing Duncan in order to be following in line to the throne, she is over whelmed in her ain desires, that she forgot about everything else that use to affair. Throughout both Macbeth and the Poisonwood Bible both writers develop their several characters of Lady Macbeth and Nathan Price by foregrounding their picks and actions through aspiration, use and pitiless action. These characters therefore serve to foreground the overall subjects of power and control in both plants. Both Nathan and Lady Macbeth sacrificed everything for power and control non recognizing the true cost. Nathan losingss his full household and is left to populate entirely, and Lady Macbeth looses her saneness, driving herself to take her ain life. Their battle for power and control wrecked many lives and in the terminal their several triumphs was so little that it all did non look worth the attempt. COMPARATIVE ESSAY Having†¦ Lady Macbeth from Shakespear ‘s Macbeth and Nathan Price from the Poisonwood Bible By: Tori Skot For: Ms.Zaikos January 7, 2008

Herbal Market

MALAYSIA HERBAL MARKET Currently, the value of spheric herb tea market for nutraceuticals is at USD 70 meg and USD 20 billion for phyto medicates with an comely begetth rate between 15 to 20 percent annually. While the Malaysia herbal tea market is valued at RM 4. 55 billion 0f which 90 percent of the b ar-ass material apply was imported. It is with this potential in mind that Malaysias herbal fabrication can be one of the culture Entry Point Projects under the subject Key scotch Areas in the Economic Transformation Programme.According to the Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry minister of religion Datuk Seri Noh Omar, Malaysias fast growing herbal patience is expected to contribute about RM2. 2 billion to Gross National growth (GNP) by 2020. While the serviceman market for herbal products is expected to exceed RM2 one thousand million by 2020 from RM777 billion in 2009, the local anaesthetic herbal market was likely to grow 15 percent annually from RM7 billion in 2010 to about RM29 billion by 2020. More all over, Malaysia has been listed as the 12th most biodiversity commonwealth in the world and ranks fourth in Asia.We permit over 15,000 flowering fixs and over 3000 species of medicinal plants in our rich biodiversity tropical rainforest. Of these about 200 are being used as herbal remedies and near 50 species are commonly used in handed-down medicine preparation. Furthermore, Malaysians rather familiar for the uses of herbal products as our social communities have been practicing traditional medicine with herbal plants for centuries. In rural area, some of them ease use poultices, myriad brews and pastes derived from herbal plants or used it for the purpose of physical ailments and lulu treatments. on that pointfore, upon realize the significance of herb, our government had given(p) financial live on to research feed related to herbs in term of escalate Research in Priority Areas (IRPA) assignments, the localise areas by t he National Biotechnology Directorate, as intimately as other grant schemes. For example, RM25 million had been allocated by the government for a local company to conduct clinical research on Tongkat Ali in direct to securing approval from the US Food and medicate Administration (USFDA).Our government as well support the effort that try to make halal pharmaceutical products being proved by the Halal standard for the pharmaceutical intentness in send to protect the interests of Muslim consumers and all consumers in general the world over. Not only these, certain implementations also have been taken in control of turning Malaysia into a global herbal producer. World Health Organization (WHO) systematically reported that 80% of the worlds population depends on herbal medicine. There also a growing impetus of people moving from synthetic allopathic drugs to herbal cures.This is because consumers realize the importance of wellness versus diseases, the changes in lifestyle, the g rowing of synthetic checkup cost, and the growing knowledge of consumers about traditional medicines. Many consumers have known that the utile of herbal cures are the results of thousands years of herbal healing framework development by dint of practise and error, observation, analysis and study. Moreover, there have been some high profile cancel based cures such as Taxol plant for breast cancer and the Bintangor plant for AIDS.In order to achieve the goal stated in the previous paragraph, the highest standard of manufacturing should be include to be able to compete in terms of quality, safety, efficacy, pricing, and branding of products, as well as efficient distribution profits and meeting international health credentials standards. We also need to increase the internal consumption by strengthen the domesticated demand for Malaysian health foods and medicine besides reduce reliance on imported medicine, according to the speech by TAN SRI NOR MOHAMED YAKCOP.The ministry of h ealth also has been diligently monitoring the herbal products in the market as well as conducted stochastic sampling of herbal products to ensure that the standards of these products hang on the same as the specified standards registered by the manufacturers. Notable markets for Malaysians herbal producer are USA, Europe, China, Japan and the Middle-east countries. This is important to ensure that our herbal product to penetrate the global export market.

Leadership Interview Essay

nowa solar dayss lord copy moderates assume drawing cardship and trouble responsibilities regard little of the use in which they atomic number 18 knobbed (Koernig-Blais, Hayes, Kozier, & Erb, 2006, p. 2). D. Martin. is the nurture managing director for The Spirit Medical Transportation Services (Spirit) of exaltation Josephs Childrens Hospital in Marshfield, Wisconsin. She started her move as an intensive cargon unit nurse, and from there go into health check canalizeation. She worked as a lag flying nurse in three different programs, including Spirit, for 15 age before assuming the assistant nurse private instructor image for Spirit, and in the past year moved into the range of director.In an interview with D. Martin she discussed achieving of a position of draws in our nursing community. The interview include questions ab emerge her background, and the role she has today.Leadership StyleD. Martin ( individualised communication, adjoin 6, 2008) describes a le ader as someone who is fitting to work effectively with other peck and p every(prenominal)iate getting the job done. She further discusses the leader necessitateing to go for synergetic communication skills. These skills she describes as two split front is active listening, making eye nexus and giving full attention to the person speak the second is being commensurate to talk and bring up a point with sounding condescending.Through her examples, D.Martin has a democratic or participative leading look. Leaders with a democratic style act as a catalyst or facilitator to guide the assort towards achieving group goals (Koernig-Blais et al, 2006). Democratic leadership may be less efficient than other references of leadership, nevertheless it does totall(a)yow for a spirit of collaboration and creativity from group members. This type of leadership green goddess be extremely effective in the healthcargon setting (Tappen, 2001, p. 26)Personal Philosophy and distinguish ed Qualities of LeadershipWhen questioned more or less important qualities or characteristics of a leader, D. Martin ( individual(prenominal) communication, butt 6, 2008) again emphasized the importance of interactive communication. D. Martin ( private communication, border 6, 2008) stated that an effective leader inevitably to respect their staff, or whomever they atomic number 18 leading. That a leader ask to learn how to be politically line of credit up in all settings, and theleader as theater director needs to learn how to delegate, and to be aware of the fiscal responsibilities within the institution, and balance those requirements with the needs of the department they are managing.Sullivan and Decker, 2005 p. 44 state that all good conductors are also good leaders. D. Martin talked interchangeably of leaders and music directors, because she views herself as a leader first, and a manager second. Her views are that as a staff nurse, she was viewed as a leader among th e flight crew, and now as a manager, she is still that leader, but with the responsibilities of attention (D. Martin individual(prenominal) communication, March 6, 2008). A manager is responsible and accountable to the giving medication for accomplishing the goals of the organization (Sullivan & Decker, 2005).When D. Martin was questioned about her personal philosophy of leadership she replied that you are never overtaking to please everyone all of the time, and that the more or less important thing to remember is that you switch to be able to live with your decisions, legally and ethically (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008). According to D. Martin (personal communication, March 6, 2008), flavor and safety should be ranked equally at number one in consideration for what can and should be done. She believes that as a manager, she needs to be the mother tiger looking out for her cubs that she has to entertain the staffs interests. D. Martin also believes that a n effective manager should subscribe to infer up through the ranks.A manager should non ask the staff to do something she has non done, or would non do. Another aspect of an effective manager is that the manager should put on been a clinical leader first, that they convey been there, done that for years. The manager may not always be able to keep up those clinical skills, and be able to perform the clinical aspects of the job, but if they have done it for years, they will generalize the concepts when the staff needs someone to talk to (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008) corresponding Experiences that have Influenced Growth as a LeaderD. Martin believes that her own clinical owns and what she has done have had the nearly influence on her personal development. Her bedside clinical experience in an ICU prepared her for her role as a transport nurse (personal communication, March 6, 2008).She was involved in the start-up of two different transport services, and her trey experience was a transport nurse on a well established service. The first transport service she was part of was a load and go team with one of the first mobile ICUs in Wisconsin. Her belief is that being on the ground floor of two services, the personal ontogenesis from those experiences as the service went through its developing pains, makes her better prepared for the growing pains of going from friend to boss. She also emphasized that managers should not regaining things for granted, if they have not been where they are asking their staff to go, she feel strongly that she brings a been there, done that style to her leadership (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008).Evolution of breast feeding Leadership in Healthcare TodayThe interview keep with the question of how she square offs leadership evolving in nursing today. Her first response was disappointed. When she first started out in nursing, galore(postnominal) registered nurses were from an associate s program, and the recommendation for a management position, or to memorise was someone with a bachelors academic degree in nursing. Once she had achieved her bachelors, the bar had been brocaded with the recommendation that managers have their masters degree, in nursing or in business, and that nursing instructors have their PhD in nursing or education (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008).Her thought is that with the requirement of that much schooling, the people managing departments, and teaching new nurses, are so further removed from the clinical aspects of nursing, that they are not as effective as someone who has recently been a clinical nurse. She feels nursing needs instructors that have been there, and instructors should not be only those with the highest degrees. There needs to be opportunities for nurses to move up through the ranks through supreme nursing practice, and recognition needs to be tending(p) to the clinical experts at the bedside. The advan ced degree should not be more important than clinical expertise in a crackn field (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008).Challenges Facing Leaders in Todays Healthcare SystemsD. Martin (personalcommunication, March 6, 2008), believes that the most dispute issues in her current position are the need to have a more global eyeshot, and having an cargo area for it. She described one aspect of that global perspective in terms of the hospital budget. Finding out what the hospital budget is, and that it comes down from the fall out of the corporation, not just the top of our individual hospital. Patients are important, but from a business standpoint, money is the bottom line (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008).Healthcare is a business, and needs to be run as a business. She states that the biggest passion she had to give up was that the patient comes first. She had to learn how to accelerate the system, within the budget given, and with the resources avai lable to her. Management cannot give the staff everything they are asking for, the money, and decisions come from the top down. Management would be easy if you didnt have to deal with the people (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008).The force of a Mentor on Leadership StyleD. Martin (personal communication, March 6, 2008) states that she has had three mentors in her career. Each is unique and she is pleasing to them. Her first was her nurse manager of her first flight service. She states that he too came up through the ranks. He taught her the importance of creating a balance between management and work.Her next mentor was her first nurse manager when she started at Saint Josephs, Terri. Terri was her mentor through her masters program, and taught her the importance of being politically constitute and fair. That, as a manager, you might not go over with what is being said, but you need to have teeming self control to not let them see you do not agree with the compa ny line, or to never let them see you sweat (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008).Her third mentor was her nurse manager for the 11 years she was a flight nurse with Spirit. Through him she learned that different management styles are okay, and that an open door policy was what she respected most about his style. He also taught her the importance of credibility, and to not makepromises you may not be able to keep (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008).Advice to Someone raise in LeadershipD. Martin (personal communication, March 6, 2008) discussed the difficulty going from peer to boss. Her recommendation would be for anyone in that position to squander a class on effective leadership to learn more on how to delegate, find resources and about fiscal responsibility. She did inform me that Saint Josephs Childrens Hospital does offer a two day seminar to employees on this topic, and she further recommends all Neonatal intensifier Care Transport Nurses take th is class, as they all function in a leadership role (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008).Her other advice was to be coiffe to put in long hours. To be torrid about whom you want to lead. Be clinically competent, and have confidence in yourself, and your knowledge. Stand up for yourself and your staff. Learn to take risks, and trust your instincts (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008). decisionLeadership and management are the responsibility of all professional nurses. Effective leadership and management is a learned process. Mentors can have a overbearing impact on the personal and professional offset of a nurse. Personal integrity, honesty, and a concern for benevolent dignity should guide all leadership and management decisions (Koernig-Blais et. al, 2006).ReferencesKoernig-Blais, K., Hayes, J., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. (2006). Professional Nursing cause Concepts and Perspectives (5th ed.). Upper point River, NJ Pearson Education, Inc.Sullivan, E. J. , & Decker, P. J., (2005). Effective Leadership and Management in Nursing (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ apprentice Hall HealthTappen, R. M., (2001). Nursing Leadership and Management Concepts and Practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia F.A. Davis.